AP®︎ Biology: Topic 4.5 Practice Test
Prepare for your quiz, test, or the AP exam with focused practice questions on Topic 4.5 of AP Biology – Cell Cycle.
Questions List
Topic 4.5
Question 1 Easy
This question tests the following: ENE-3.A
What is the primary purpose of feedback mechanisms in biological systems?
What You’re Being Tested On:
Explore the learning objectives taken directly from the College Board’s AP® Biology Curriculum. Ensure you’re prepared for the exact topics covered on the AP® exam, in-class tests, and quizzes, and gain confidence in your mastery of the material.
Topic 4.5: Cell Cycle
Learning Objective: 4.5.A
Describe the events that occur in the cell cycle.
Essential Knowledge: 4.5.A.1
The cell cycle is a highly regulated series of events that controls the growth and reproduction of eukaryotic cells. i. The cell cycle consists of sequential stages of interphase (G1, S, G2), mitosis, and cytokinesis. ii. G1 phase: The cell is metabolically active, duplicating organelles and cytosolic components. iii. S phase: DNA is in the form of chromatin and replicates to form two sister chromatids connected at a centromere. iv. G2 phase: Protein synthesis occurs, ATP is produced in large quantities, and centrosomes replicate. v. A cell can enter a stage (G0) in which it no longer divides, but it can reenter the cell cycle in response to appropriate cues. vi. Nondividing cells may exit the cell cycle or be held at a particular stage in the cell cycle.
Learning Objective: 4.5.B
Explain how mitosis results in the transmission of chromosomes from one generation of cells to the next.
Essential Knowledge: 4.5.B.1
Mitosis is a process that ensures the transfer of a complete genome from a parent cell to two genetically identical daughter cells in eukaryotes. i. Mitosis plays a role in growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction. ii. Mitosis occurs in sequential steps (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) and alternates with interphase in the cell cycle. iii. Prophase: Sister chromatids condense, mitotic spindle begins to form, and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell. iv. Metaphase: Spindle fibers align chromosomes along the equator of the cell. v. Anaphase: Paired sister chromatids separate as spindle fibers pull chromatids toward poles. vi. Telophase: Mitotic spindle breaks down, a new nuclear envelope develops, and then the cytoplasm divides. vii. Cytokinesis: A cleavage furrow forms in animal cells or a cell plate forms in plant cells, resulting in two new daughter cells.
