AP®︎ European History: Unit 5 Practice Test
Prepare for your quiz, test, or the AP exam with focused practice questions on Unit 5 of AP European History – Conflict, Crisis, and Reaction in the Late 18th Century.
Questions List
Unit 5 (All Topics)
Question 1 Topic 5.1Easy
This question tests the following: KC-2.1
Which European country emerged from the Glorious Revolution with increased democratic reforms?
What You’re Being Tested On:
Explore the learning objectives taken directly from the College Board’s AP® European History Curriculum. Ensure you’re prepared for the exact topics covered on the AP® exam, in-class tests, and quizzes, and gain confidence in your mastery of the material.
Unit 5: Conflict, Crisis, and Reaction in the Late 18th Century
This unit explores the revolutionary upheavals of the late 18th century, especially the French Revolution and its global impact. It also covers the rise and fall of Napoleon and the conservative reaction that followed.
Topic 5.1: Contextualizing 18th-Century States
Learning Objective: Unit 5: Learning Objective A
Explain the context in which the European states experienced crisis and conflict from 1648 to 1815.
Review: KC-2.1
Different models of political sovereignty affected the relationship among states and between states and individuals.
Review: KC-2.1.IV
The French Revolution posed a fundamental challenge to Europe’s existing political and social order.
Review: KC-2.1.V
Claiming to defend the ideals of the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte imposed French control over much of the European continent, which eventually provoked a nationalistic reaction.
Review: KC-2.2
The expansion of European commerce accelerated the growth of a worldwide economic network.
Review: KC-2.2.III
Commercial rivalries influenced diplomacy and warfare among European states in the early modern era.
Review: KC-2.3
The spread of Scientific Revolution concepts and practices and the Enlightenment’s application of these concepts and practices to political, social, and ethical issues led to an increased but not unchallenged emphasis on reason in European culture.
Review: KC-2.3.VI
While Enlightenment values dominated the world of European ideas and culture, they were challenged by the revival of public expression of emotions and feeling.
Review: KC-2.3.VI.D
Revolution, war and rebellion demonstrated the emotional power of mass politics and nationalism.
Topic 5.2: The Rise of Global Markets
Thematic Focus: Economic and Commercial DevelopmentsECD
Economic development, especially the development of capitalism, played an important role in Europe’s history, often having significant social, political, and cultural effects.
Learning Objective: Unit 5: Learning Objective B
Explain the causes and consequences of European maritime competition from 1648 to 1815.
Historical Developments: KC-2.2
The expansion of European commerce accelerated the growth of a worldwide economic network.
Historical Developments: KC-2.2.III
Commercial rivalries influenced diplomacy and warfare among European states in the early modern era.
Historical Developments: KC-2.2.III.A
European sea powers vied for Atlantic influence throughout the 18th century.
Historical Developments: KC-2.2.III.B
Portuguese, Dutch, French, and British rivalries in Asia culminated in British domination in India and Dutch control of the East Indies.
Topic 5.3: Britain’s Ascendency
Thematic Focus: States and Other Institutions of PowerSOP
European states and nations developed governmental and civil institutions from 1450 to the present to organize society and consolidate political power, with a variety of social, cultural, and economic effects.
Learning Objective: Unit 5: Learning Objective C
Explain the economic and political consequences of the rivalry between Britain and France from 1648 to 1815.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.III.D
Rivalry between Britain and France resulted in world wars fought both in Europe and in the colonies, with Britain supplanting France as the greatest European power.
Illustrative Examples specific knowledge students should know & demonstrate
- Seven Years’ War
- American Revolution
Topic 5.4: The French Revolution
Thematic Focus: States and Other Institutions of PowerSOP
European states and nations developed governmental and civil institutions from 1450 to the present to organize society and consolidate political power, with a variety of social, cultural, and economic effects.
Learning Objective: Unit 5: Learning Objective D
Explain the causes, events, and consequences of the French Revolution.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.IV.A
The French Revolution resulted from a combination of long-term social and political causes, as well as Enlightenment ideas, exacerbated by short-term fiscal and economic crises.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.IV.B
The first, or liberal, phase, of the French Revolution established a constitutional monarchy, increased popular participation, nationalized the Catholic Church, and abolished hereditary privileges.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.IV.C
After the execution of Louis XVI, the radical Jacobin republic led by Robespierre responded to opposition at home and war abroad by instituting the Reign of Terror, fixing prices and wages, and pursuing a policy of de-Christianization.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.IV.D
Revolutionary armies, raised by mass conscription, sought to bring the changes initiated in France to the rest of Europe.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.IV.E
Women enthusiastically participated in the early phases of the revolution; however, while there were brief improvements in the legal status of women, citizenship in the republic was soon restricted to men.
Illustrative Examples specific knowledge students should know & demonstrate
- Peasant and bourgeois grievances
- Bread shortages
- French involvement in American Revolution
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
- Civil Constitution of the Clergy
- Constitution of 1791
- Abolition of provinces and division of France into departments
- Georges Danton
- Jean-Paul Marat
- Committee of Public Safety
- Levée en masse
- October March on Versailles
- Olympe de Gouges
- Society of Republican Revolutionary Women
Topic 5.5: The French Revolution’s Effects
Thematic Focus: Social Organization and DevelopmentSCD
Economic, political, and cultural factors have influenced the form and status of family, class, and social groups in European history, which has, in turn, affected both the individual and society.
Learning Objective: Unit 5: Learning Objective E
Explain how the events and developments of the French Revolution influenced political and social ideas from 1648 to 1815.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.IV.F
Revolutionary ideals inspired a revolt of enslaved people led by Toussaint L’Ouverture in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which became the independent nation of Haiti in 1804.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.IV.G
While many were inspired by the revolution’s emphasis on equality and human rights, others condemned its violence and disregard for traditional authority.
Illustrative Examples specific knowledge students should know & demonstrate
- Edmund Burke
Topic 5.6: Napoleon’s Rise, Dominance, and Defeat
Thematic Focus: States and Other Institutions of PowerSOP
European states and nations developed governmental and civil institutions from 1450 to the present to organize society and consolidate political power, with a variety of social, cultural, and economic effects.
Learning Objective: Unit 5: Learning Objective F
Explain the effects of Napoleon’s rule on European social, economic, and political life.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.V.A
As first consul and emperor, Napoleon undertook a number of enduring domestic reforms while often curtailing some rights and manipulating popular impulses behind a façade of representative institutions.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.V.B
Napoleon’s new military tactics allowed him to exert direct or indirect control over much of the European continent, spreading the ideals of the French Revolution across Europe.
Thematic Focus: National and European IdentityNEI
Definitions and perceptions of regional, cultural, national, and European identity have developed and been challenged over time, with varied and often profound effects on the political, social, and cultural order in Europe.
Learning Objective: Unit 5: Learning Objective G
Explain the nationalist responses to Napoleon’s rule in Europe.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.V.C
Napoleon’s expanding empire created nationalist responses throughout Europe.
Illustrative Examples specific knowledge students should know & demonstrate
- Careers open to talent
- Educational system
- Centralized bureaucracy
- Civil Code
- Concordat of 1801
- Secret police
- Censorship
- Limitation of women’s rights
- Student protest in German states
- Guerilla war in Spain
- Russian scorched earth policy
Topic 5.7: The Congress of Vienna
Thematic Focus: States and Other Institutions of PowerSOP
European states and nations developed governmental and civil institutions from 1450 to the present to organize society and consolidate political power, with a variety of social, cultural, and economic effects.
Learning Objective: Unit 5: Learning Objective H
Explain how states responded to Napoleonic rule in Europe and the consequences of the response.
Historical Developments: KC-2.1.V.D
After the defeat of Napoleon by a coalition of European powers, the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) attempted to restore the balance of power in Europe and contain the danger of revolutionary or nationalistic upheavals in the future.
Topic 5.8: Romanticism
Thematic Focus: Cultural and Intellectual DevelopmentsCID
The creation and transmission of knowledge, including the relationship between traditional sources of authority and the development of differing world views, had significant political, intellectual, economic, cultural, and social effects on European and world societies.
Learning Objective: Unit 5: Learning Objective I
Explain how and why the Romantic Movement and religious revival challenged Enlightenment thought from 1648 to 1815.
Historical Developments: KC-2.3.VI.A
Rousseau questioned the exclusive reliance on reason and emphasized the role of emotions in the moral improvement of self and society.
Historical Developments: KC-2.3.VI.B
Romanticism emerged as a challenge to Enlightenment rationality.
Historical Developments: KC-2.3.VI.C
Consistent with the Romantic Movement, religious revival occurred in Europe and included notable movements such as Methodism, founded by John Wesley.
Historical Developments: KC-2.3.VI.D
Revolution, war, and rebellion demonstrated the emotional power of mass politics and nationalism.
Topic 5.9: Continuity and Change in 18th-Century States
Learning Objective: Unit 5: Learning Objective J
Explain how the developments and challenges to the political order resulted in change in the period from 1648 to 1815.
Review: KC-2.1
Different models of political sovereignty affected the relationship among states and between states and individuals.
Review: KC-2.1.IV
The French Revolution posed a fundamental challenge to Europe’s existing political and social order.
Review: KC-2.1.V
Claiming to defend the ideals of the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte imposed French control over much of the European continent, which eventually provoked a nationalistic reaction.
Review: KC-2.2
The expansion of European commerce accelerated the growth of a worldwide economic network.
Review: KC-2.2.III
Commercial rivalries influenced diplomacy and warfare among European states in the early modern era.
Review: KC-2.3
The spread of Scientific Revolution concepts and practices and the Enlightenment’s application of these concepts and practices to political, social, and ethical issues led to an increased but not unchallenged emphasis on reason in European culture.
Review: KC-2.3.VI
While Enlightenment values dominated the world of European ideas and culture, they were challenged by the revival of public expression of emotions and feeling.
Review: KC-2.3.VI.D
Revolution, war and rebellion demonstrated the emotional power of mass politics and nationalism.
