AP®︎ Comparative Government: Topic 5.2 Flashcards

Pressures created by supply, demand, competition, prices, and capital flows, including those operating across national borders

Transfer of a government enterprise or asset to private ownership or management, or opening a state-dominated industry to private competition

Transfer of privately owned enterprises or assets into government ownership or control

Restoration of state control over assets or industries that were previously privatized

A commercial organization owned or controlled by the government but able to operate in markets and contract with private firms

A lasting foreign investment in another country's productive activity that includes a continuing stake in management or production

An enterprise or project in which multiple parties share investment, ownership, risks, management, or returns

A designated area with investment-friendly rules such as lower taxes, fewer trade barriers, and greater access for foreign capital

Mexico's state-owned petroleum company, retained under public ownership even as the oil industry opened to private participation

Reform that opened Mexico's petroleum industry to private and foreign competition while Pemex and underground resources remained state-owned

Nigeria's state petroleum enterprise, which works with multinational oil companies through joint ventures to finance and conduct production

Russia's restoration of state control over strategic oil and gas assets, alongside restrictions on foreign ownership and investment

The United Kingdom permits the most private control of natural resources among course countries, while China permits the least

Coastal zones where China introduced investment-friendly market rules and welcomed foreign capital while retaining broader party-state control