AP®︎ Comparative Government: Topic 5.8 Flashcards

A shift over time in a population’s size, location, age structure, migration patterns, or social composition

Movement from one place of residence to another

Movement within a country, such as from rural areas to cities or from the interior to the coast

Movement across state borders

Entry into a country for settlement

Departure from a country for settlement elsewhere

Immigration minus emigration; it is positive when more people enter than leave and negative when more leave than enter

An increase in the proportion of a population living in urban areas

The distribution of a population among age groups

A population with a growing proportion of older people, commonly resulting from low fertility and longer life expectancy

A graph of a population’s age and sex structure; a broad base indicates a younger population, while a narrow base and wider upper groups indicate aging and lower fertility

Push factors drive people away from an area, while pull factors attract them toward another area

A designated area offering favorable rules and conditions for foreign investment and export production, used in China to concentrate coastal industry and jobs

China’s system linking access to many public services to a person’s registered place of residence, often limiting rural migrants’ access to urban benefits

The 1994 trade agreement among Mexico, the United States, and Canada that helped concentrate Mexican investment and industrial employment in northern and urban areas

An export-oriented Mexican factory that imports components, assembles or processes goods, and exports the finished products

The emigration of highly skilled or well-educated people, depriving the home country of scarce expertise while benefiting receiving countries

A British party that mobilized opposition to immigration and the authority of the European Union

The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union following the 2016 referendum, partly driven by conflict over immigration, free movement, and national control of borders

The United Kingdom’s publicly funded universal health-care system, whose costs rise as an aging population requires more care

A government policy intended to reduce births

A government policy intended to encourage births, such as payments, tax benefits, child-care subsidies, or parental leave

An antinatalist policy used from about 1979 through 2015 that slowed population growth but contributed to aging, a smaller future workforce, and a sex imbalance

Growth occurs when births and immigration exceed deaths and emigration; decline occurs when deaths and emigration exceed births and immigration