AP®︎ Psychology: Topic 5.3 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 5.3 of AP Psychology – Explaining and Classifying Psychological Disorders to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Psychological Disorder

Definition

A pattern of thoughts, emotions, or behavior evaluated in context because it causes significant distress, impairs functioning, or substantially deviates from social and cultural expectations

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Psychological Disorder
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A pattern of thoughts, emotions, or behavior evaluated in context because it causes significant distress, impairs functioning, or substantially deviates from social and cultural expectations

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Level of Dysfunction
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The degree to which a pattern interferes with work, learning, relationships, self-care, decisions, or other important daily functioning

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Perception of Distress
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A person’s subjective experience of significant emotional or psychological suffering; it is an indicator but is neither necessary nor sufficient by itself for diagnosis

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Deviation From Social Norms
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A substantial departure from a group’s social or cultural expectations, interpreted according to culture, age, historical period, and situation

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Diagnosis
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The professional determination, using evidence-based assessment and established criteria, that a person’s symptoms and functioning meet the criteria for a psychological disorder

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Classification
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Placing a diagnosed disorder within an organized category that gives professionals shared criteria and terminology

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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
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The American Psychiatric Association’s principal U.S. manual of categories and diagnostic criteria for psychological disorders

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International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
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The World Health Organization’s international system for classifying diseases and health conditions, including mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders

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Behavioral Perspective
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Explains psychological disorders through maladaptive learned associations among stimuli, responses, and consequences

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Psychodynamic Perspective
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Explains psychological disorders through unconscious thoughts, conflicts, motives, and experiences, often originating in childhood

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Humanistic Perspective
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Explains psychological disorders through unmet needs, inadequate social support, barriers to personal growth, and inability to fulfill one’s potential

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Cognitive Perspective
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Explains psychological disorders through maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, interpretations, expectations, and related emotions

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Evolutionary Perspective
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Explains psychological disorders as patterns whose operation reduces survival or interferes with successful adaptation

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Sociocultural Perspective
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Explains psychological disorders through social relationships, cultural expectations, institutions, living conditions, and unequal power and resources

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Biological Perspective
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Explains psychological disorders through physiological and genetic influences such as inherited predispositions, brain processes, hormones, and physical health

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Eclectic Approach
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Using ideas and methods from more than one psychological perspective according to the evidence, individual, and context

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Biopsychosocial Model
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The model that psychological problems may result from interacting biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

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Diathesis-Stress Model
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The model that a psychological disorder develops when a genetic vulnerability, or diathesis, combines with stressful life experiences

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