AP®︎ Psychology: Topic 4.5 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 4.5 of AP Psychology – Social-Cognitive and Trait Theories of Personality to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality

Definition

The view that personality develops through ongoing interactions among personal factors, behavior, and the social environment; assessment examines beliefs and behavior in context

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Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality
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The view that personality develops through ongoing interactions among personal factors, behavior, and the social environment; assessment examines beliefs and behavior in context

4.5.A4.5.A.1
Reciprocal Determinism
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The mutual, multidirectional interaction among personal factors, behavior, and the environment

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Self-Concept
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A person’s understanding of who they are, including their perceived characteristics, abilities, roles, goals, and relationships

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Self-Efficacy
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A person’s belief in their ability to perform the behaviors needed to succeed at a particular task or challenge

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Self-Esteem
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A person’s general positive or negative evaluation of their own worth or value

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Trait Theory of Personality
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The view that personality consists of relatively enduring dimensions that describe and predict typical responses across time and situations

4.5.B4.5.B.1
Trait
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A relatively enduring characteristic or dimension on which people differ and that predicts typical, not invariant, responses

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Big Five Model
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A trait model describing personality through openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability

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Openness to Experience
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The Big Five dimension involving curiosity, imagination, creativity, receptiveness to unfamiliar ideas, and interest in novelty

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Conscientiousness
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The Big Five dimension involving organization, responsibility, dependability, self-discipline, planning, and persistence

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Agreeableness
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The Big Five dimension involving cooperation, trust, empathy, compassion, and concern for social harmony

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Emotional Stability / Neuroticism
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The Big Five dimension involving calmness and resilience; neuroticism is its inverse, reflecting greater negative emotional reactivity

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Personality Inventory
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A standardized set of items used to produce scores on one or more personality dimensions

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Factor Analysis
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A statistical method that organizes correlated inventory items or responses into broader underlying factors

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Extraversion
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The Big Five dimension involving sociability, assertiveness, activity, and a tendency to seek interpersonal stimulation; its lower pole is introversion

4.5.B4.5.B.2