AP®︎ Psychology: Topic 4.6 Flashcards

Processes that initiate, direct, energize, and sustain behavior and goal-directed mental activity

A condition required for physical or psychological well-being

An internal state of tension associated with an unmet need that motivates need-reducing behavior

The theory that physiological needs create drives that motivate behaviors that reduce tension and restore homeostasis

The body’s tendency to maintain relatively stable internal conditions

A general state of physiological and psychological activation ranging from very low alertness to intense excitement or stress

The theory that people are motivated to regulate stimulation toward an optimal level of arousal

Performance rises as arousal approaches an optimum and falls when arousal is too low or high; difficult tasks generally require lower arousal than simple tasks

The theory distinguishing intrinsic from extrinsic reasons for acting and emphasizing autonomy, competence, and connection in self-directed motivation

Engaging in an activity because the activity itself is enjoyable, interesting, meaningful, or satisfying

Engaging in an activity to obtain a separate outcome or avoid an unwanted consequence

An external object or outcome with rewarding value that attracts and directs behavior

The theory that anticipated external rewards pull behavior toward them

An innate, complex, relatively fixed behavior pattern that appears in a species in response to particular stimuli

The theory that choices create motivational conflicts that a person must resolve

A motivational conflict requiring a choice between two appealing alternatives

A motivational conflict in which one option has both attractive and unattractive features

A motivational conflict requiring a choice between two unattractive alternatives

The theory that stable differences in the need for varied, novel, complex, or intense experiences motivate behavior

Pursuing new ideas, perceptions, cultures, environments, artistic experiences, or unconventional experiences

Desiring physically exciting activities involving speed, height, danger, or controlled risk

Seeking stimulation through socially uninhibited activities that loosen ordinary self-control or social restraints

A low tolerance for repetition, routine, predictability, or situations lacking novelty

The motivational state associated with seeking and consuming food

The state of fullness or satisfaction that reduces further eating

A hormone produced primarily by the stomach that commonly rises before eating and promotes hunger and food-seeking

A hormone produced primarily by fat cells that signals stored energy and generally promotes longer-term satiety and reduced eating

A brain structure that integrates hunger and satiety signals and coordinates feeding-related regulation

An endocrine gland through which the hypothalamus coordinates broader hormonal functions involved in bodily regulation

The motivation to form, maintain, and restore stable social connections, acceptance, inclusion, and enduring relationships