AP®︎ Psychology: Topic 3.7 Flashcards
Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.7 of AP Psychology – Classical Conditioning to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.
Behavioral Perspective
The perspective that psychology should focus on observable, measurable behavior and how environmental events shape it through conditioning
The perspective that psychology should focus on observable, measurable behavior and how environmental events shape it through conditioning
Learning that events or stimuli occur together, allowing one to predict another
Associative learning in which one stimulus becomes associated with another and comes to elicit a response
Pavlov showed that dogs learned to salivate to a tone after the tone repeatedly preceded food
Before conditioning, a stimulus that does not yet elicit the target response
A stimulus that naturally and automatically elicits a response without prior learning
The unlearned, automatic response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus that elicits a learned response after being associated with the UCS.
The learned response elicited by the conditioned stimulus
The formation of the association in which an initially neutral stimulus becomes a CS and begins eliciting a CR.
The weakening and eventual disappearance of a CR when the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS.
The return of an extinguished CR when the CS is presented after a pause
The tendency for stimuli resembling the original CS to also elicit the CR.
The learned ability to distinguish the CS from other stimuli and respond selectively to it
Conditioning in which an established CS is used like a UCS to make a new neutral stimulus into another CS.
A learned emotional reaction elicited by a previously neutral stimulus after it is paired with an emotion-producing event
Watson and Rayner conditioned fear in an infant by pairing a white rat with a frightening noise, with fear later generalizing to similar furry objects
Replacing an unwanted conditioned response by establishing a different, more adaptive response to the CS.
A learned avoidance of a food or flavor that has been associated with nausea or illness
Garcia showed that rats could avoid a flavor after one flavor-illness pairing, demonstrating one-trial conditioning and biological preparedness
Acquiring an association through one pairing without the association being strengthened by further pairings
An inherited predisposition to learn some stimulus-response associations more readily than others
A diminished response caused by repeated or enduring exposure to a stimulus
