AP®︎ Psychology: Topic 4.4 Flashcards

Characteristic patterns of thought, feeling, motivation, and behavior that produce relative consistency across time and situations

The view that unconscious motives, conflicts, and interacting psychological forces drive personality and behavior

Founder of psychoanalytic theory, from which the psychodynamic theory of personality developed

Material not currently in awareness that can be brought into awareness relatively easily

Thoughts, wishes, fears, motives, and conflicts outside ordinary awareness that still affect thoughts, emotions, and behavior

The primitive part of personality that seeks immediate gratification of impulses

The part of personality that deals with reality, regulates impulses, and mediates among the id, superego, and external demands

The part of personality representing internalized moral standards and ideals

Unconscious processes that protect the ego from anxiety, threatening ideas, unacceptable impulses, or painful realities by altering awareness or interpretation

Refusing to accept or recognize a painful external reality

Redirecting an emotion or impulse from its original target to a safer or more available substitute target

Attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts, motives, or feelings to someone else

Creating a plausible, self-protective explanation that conceals a more threatening motive or explanation

Expressing attitudes or behaviors opposite to an unacceptable unconscious feeling or impulse

Returning under stress or anxiety to behavior characteristic of an earlier developmental period

Unconsciously excluding distressing thoughts, impulses, or memories from conscious awareness

Channeling an unacceptable impulse into a constructive or socially valued activity

Personality assessments that use interpretations of ambiguous stimuli to probe preconscious or unconscious motives, conflicts, and concerns

A projective test in which a person reports what a standard series of symmetrical inkblots might represent

A projective test in which a person constructs stories about ambiguous pictures of people

The view that personality centers on subjective experience, conscious choice, acceptance, personal meaning, growth, and realizing one’s potential

Humanistic psychologist who emphasized self-concept, unconditional positive regard, congruence, and the self-actualizing tendency

The inherent motivation to develop one’s capacities, maintain or enhance oneself, and move toward fuller realization of one’s potential

The organized set of beliefs and perceptions a person has about who they are

Accepting and valuing a person without making their basic worth dependent on meeting particular conditions

Standards that make a person feel valued only when behaving, feeling, or achieving in approved ways

The actual self is who a person believes they are; the ideal self is who the person would like to be

Congruence is relative consistency among self-concept, lived experience, and the ideal self; incongruence is a substantial mismatch among them

Assessment of conscious subjective experience and self-concept through methods such as open-ended interviews, personal narratives, and actual–ideal self-reports