AP®︎ Psychology: Topic 1.5 Flashcards

An individual’s varying awareness of thoughts, feelings, behavior, and events in the internal and external worlds

A recurring, biologically active, and reversible state of consciousness with reduced awareness and responsiveness

The circadian pattern regulating when sleep and wakefulness tend to occur across the day and night

A biological pattern that repeats about once every 24 hours and helps regulate sleepiness, alertness, and related processes

Synchronization of an internal circadian rhythm with environmental cues, especially light and regular daily routines

The increasing immediate need for sleep that develops the longer a person remains awake

Circadian misalignment caused by rapid travel across time zones, producing sleepiness or alertness at inappropriate local times

A work schedule that can require wakefulness and sleep at times that conflict with circadian signals

A scalp recording of the combined electrical activity of large groups of brain cells, used to identify sleep stages

A laboratory sleep recording that combines EEG with measures such as eye movements, muscle activity, breathing, and heart rate

A graph showing movement among wakefulness, NREM stages, and REM sleep over time

The roughly 90-minute progression through NREM sleep toward REM sleep that repeats several times per night

Relatively fast, low-amplitude EEG activity associated with alert wakefulness

EEG activity associated with relaxed wakefulness, especially when the eyes are closed

EEG activity characteristic of NREM Stage 1 and underlying the distinctive events of NREM Stage 2

Brief bursts of rapid, rhythmic EEG activity that help identify NREM Stage 2

Large, isolated EEG waves occurring spontaneously or in response to stimulation during NREM Stage 2

High-amplitude, low-frequency EEG waves characteristic of deep NREM Stage 3 sleep

Non-rapid-eye-movement sleep comprising Stages 1 through 3, whose duration—especially Stage 3—generally decreases across the night

The brief, lightest sleep stage marking the transition from wakefulness, with fading awareness and theta activity

Falling, floating, dreamlike, or jerking sensations experienced while entering initial NREM Stage 1 sleep

A sleep stage characterized by theta activity interrupted by sleep spindles and K-complexes

The deepest NREM stage, marked by delta waves, difficult awakening, and concentration early in the night

Rapid-eye-movement sleep in which wake-like brain activity and vivid dreaming occur while skeletal muscles are strongly relaxed

The tendency to enter REM sooner or spend more time in REM after being deprived of REM sleep

The theory that dreams arise as the brain organizes and interprets internally generated neural activity into a narrative

The theory that dreaming reflects the sleeping brain’s processing, organizing, and integrating of recent experiences and memories

The organization and stabilization of newly acquired information for later use, a process supported by sleep

The theory that sleep restores physical and mental resources depleted during waking activity

Insufficient sleep that can impair attention, reaction time, judgment, learning, memory, mood, and physical performance

Recurring difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or obtaining restorative sleep, with negative waking consequences

A disorder involving excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden, difficult-to-control sleep attacks, sometimes with unusually rapid entry into REM.

A disorder in which normal REM muscle atonia is reduced or absent, allowing a sleeper to act out dream content

A disorder involving repeated breathing interruptions that fragment sleep and may reduce blood oxygen

Walking or performing familiar actions while largely unresponsive during deep NREM Stage 3 sleep, usually with little later memory