AP®︎ Environmental Science: Topic 1.1 Flashcards

The living organisms in an area, the abiotic environment, and the interactions among them

Individuals of the same species living in the same area

All populations of different species living and interacting in an area

A living or once-living biological component of an ecosystem

A nonliving physical or chemical component of an ecosystem, such as water, sunlight, temperature, or soil minerals

Something an organism uses whose availability may decrease through use, such as food, water, nutrients, light, or space

The usable supply of a resource as determined by its amount, distribution, timing, and accessibility

A +/− interaction in which a predator captures and eats prey, benefiting while the prey is harmed and generally killed

A close, long-term interaction between individuals of two different species

A +/+ symbiotic interaction in which both species receive a net benefit

A +/0 symbiotic interaction in which one species benefits and the other is not significantly affected

A +/− symbiotic interaction in which a parasite obtains resources from a host and harms it without normally killing it immediately

A −/− interaction in which organisms require the same limited resource and each reduces the other's access to it

Competition among individuals of the same species

Competition between individuals of different species

Prolonged competition between species with nearly identical niches can prevent stable coexistence, with one species locally excluding the other

How a species uses resources, tolerates environmental conditions, and functions in relationships with other organisms

The extent to which organisms use the same limiting resources, with greater overlap creating greater potential for competition

Competing species use shared resources in different ways, places, or times, reducing niche overlap and interspecific competition