AP®︎ Environmental Science: Topic 3.6 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.6 of AP Environmental Science – Age Structure Diagrams to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Age Structure Diagram (Population Pyramid)

Definition

Graph showing a population’s distribution by age and sex at a particular time, with age on the vertical axis and population number or percentage on the horizontal axis

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Age Structure Diagram (Population Pyramid)
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Graph showing a population’s distribution by age and sex at a particular time, with age on the vertical axis and population number or percentage on the horizontal axis

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Age Cohort
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People within a specified age interval, commonly a five-year range represented by one horizontal bar on an age structure diagram

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Pre-Reproductive Population
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The approximate 0–14 age group whose size indicates how many people will soon enter reproductive ages

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Reproductive Population
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The approximate 15–44 age group representing people currently of reproductive age

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Post-Reproductive Population
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The approximate age-45-and-older group representing people beyond the course’s demographic reproductive-age category

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Rapidly Growing Population Age Structure
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Broad-based, pyramid-like shape with younger cohorts larger than older cohorts, indicating likely rapid growth as many young people enter reproductive age

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Stable or Slowly Growing Population Age Structure
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Column-like, bell-shaped, or nearly rectangular structure; similar-width younger and middle cohorts indicate relative stability, while a slightly wider base indicates slow growth

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Declining Population Age Structure
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Narrow-based, urn-shaped, or top-heavy structure with younger cohorts smaller than middle cohorts, indicating likely long-term decline

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Population Momentum
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The tendency of a population to keep growing or declining because of its existing age distribution even after fertility changes

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Bulge
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An age cohort unusually large relative to neighboring cohorts, often reflecting past fertility, mortality, or migration changes

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Notch
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An age cohort unusually small relative to neighboring cohorts, often reflecting past fertility, mortality, or migration changes

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