AP®︎ Environmental Science: Topic 8.14 Flashcards

The sequence from a pollutant source through an environmental medium and route of entry to an internal dose and health effect

A health effect that develops shortly after exposure

A health effect that develops after repeated exposure or becomes apparent only after a long time

The time between exposure to a hazard and the appearance of detectable illness

An association is an observed relationship between exposure and illness; causation means the exposure produces the illness, which association alone does not prove

A factor associated with both a suspected exposure and a health outcome that can distort their apparent relationship

The study of the patterns and causes of health outcomes in populations

A study that begins with exposed and less-exposed groups and compares their occurrence of disease over time

A study that begins with people with and without a disease and looks backward for differences in previous exposure

A serious intestinal infection characterized by severe diarrhea, often containing blood or mucus, caused by ingesting pathogens from water or food contaminated by untreated sewage

Transmission in which pathogens from fecal contamination are ingested in contaminated water or food

Cancer of the tissue lining internal organs, usually around the lungs, caused principally by asbestos exposure

A group of fibrous silicate minerals whose airborne fibers can be inhaled, lodge around the lungs, and contribute to mesothelioma

Asbestos-containing material that can be crumbled or reduced to powder and therefore readily releases airborne fibers

Ground-level O₃, a reactive secondary air pollutant that irritates respiratory tissue and reduces lung function