AP®︎ Environmental Science: Topic 8.9 Flashcards

Any discarded material that is neither a liquid nor a gas

Solid waste generated primarily by homes, institutions, and commercial establishments and commonly collected by municipal services

A disposal method in which waste is placed, compacted, and covered in a designated land area

An engineered landfill with a bottom liner, leachate and stormwater collection, a cap, and methane collection

A low-permeability clay or plastic barrier that separates landfill waste from soil and groundwater

Contaminated liquid formed when water passes through waste and dissolves or carries substances from it

Drainage material and perforated pipes above the liner that collect leachate for removal and treatment

A system that diverts rainwater and runoff around a landfill to reduce erosion and leachate formation

A low-permeability final cover that limits precipitation infiltration, erosion, waste exposure, and gas movement

Wells and pipes that capture landfill gas so it can be controlled rather than accumulating or escaping

Gas produced by anaerobic waste decomposition, composed mainly of methane and carbon dioxide

Discarded electronic devices that may contain hazardous substances such as lead, mercury, and other metals

High-temperature burning that greatly reduces waste volume but releases air pollutants and leaves ash that may contain concentrated toxic substances

Unauthorized disposal that bypasses landfill containment and monitoring, allowing pollution to enter the environment directly

An uncontrolled waste site lacking routine cover, liners, and systems for collecting leachate and gas

Disposal of solid waste directly into the ocean, contributing to persistent marine debris and harm to wildlife

Persistent human-made waste in the ocean that can entangle wildlife, be ingested, and damage habitats

A large rotating ocean-current system that can concentrate floating debris