AP®︎ Environmental Science: Topic 5.10 Flashcards

Increase in the proportion of people living in cities and the associated development of buildings, roads, and infrastructure

Reduction of a resource when withdrawal exceeds natural replenishment; urban demand can deplete freshwater, energy, and materials

Sinking of land as excessive groundwater withdrawal causes underground sediments to compact

A surface such as pavement or a rooftop that prevents infiltration, increasing runoff and flooding while reducing groundwater recharge

Movement of saline water into a freshwater aquifer when pumping lowers freshwater pressure, especially near coasts

Low-density outward spread of population and development from cities into suburban and rural land

Division of continuous habitat by roads and development into smaller, isolated patches

The higher temperatures of urban areas relative to surrounding rural areas because built surfaces absorb and reradiate heat and vegetation is reduced