AP®︎ Environmental Science: Topic 3.7 Flashcards

The average number of children a woman is expected to have over her reproductive lifetime, measured in children per woman

The TFR needed to replace the parental generation, approximately 2.1 children per woman; it tends toward long-term stability without net migration or major mortality changes

Continued population growth after TFR reaches replacement level because a large young population is entering its reproductive years

Information, healthcare, contraception, and counseling that let people time, space, or limit births, generally lowering TFR when accessible

A government policy designed to reduce fertility by discouraging births or promoting smaller families

A government policy designed to increase fertility, often through financial benefits or support that reduces the costs of raising children

An antinatalist policy begun around 1979 that used birth limits, incentives, and penalties to reduce fertility and slow population growth

Deaths of infants under age one per 1,000 live births in a year; it generally falls with improved maternal healthcare and nutrition