AP®︎ Environmental Science: Topic 3.9 Flashcards

Shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country or region develops from a preindustrial to an industrialized economy

Four-stage model relating development to birth rates, death rates, and population growth; death rates typically fall before birth rates

Number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year

Number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population per year

High, often variable CBR and CDR produce little natural growth and a relatively small population

CDR falls while CBR remains high, creating a wide gap between the rates and rapid population growth

CBR declines while CDR remains low, so population continues growing but at a slowing rate

Low CBR and low CDR produce low, near-zero, or sometimes slightly negative natural population growth

Optional DTM extension in which CBR remains below CDR for a sustained period, producing natural population decline and often accompanying very low fertility and an aging population

Developing countries generally have higher infant mortality, more children in the workforce, and higher birth rates; developed countries generally have lower levels of each