AP®︎ Environmental Science: Topic 5.8 Flashcards

Harvesting fish faster than the surviving population can replace them through reproduction and growth

The harvested fish population, the place it is harvested, and the people and equipment involved in harvesting it

A population or management unit of a harvested species in a particular area

A fish stock whose abundance has fallen below a management threshold, even if excessive harvesting has stopped

A decline in abundance or catch so severe that a fishery is no longer ecologically or economically viable, without necessarily causing extinction

The addition of young fish to the harvestable population

A fishery in which users cannot effectively exclude one another, encouraging each fisher to harvest before others do

Fishing that violates rules, goes unreported, or occurs without effective regulation, undermining enforcement and stock assessments

The total mass of fish in a stock that are capable of reproduction

Dragging a weighted net across the seafloor, capturing bottom-dwelling organisms and potentially damaging benthic habitat

A large net placed around a school of fish and drawn closed at the bottom

Fishing with a main line carrying hundreds or thousands of baited hooks, which may also catch turtles, sharks, seabirds, and nontarget fish

A net suspended in the water that catches fish by their gills and may entangle nontarget wildlife

A net that moves with currents and can entangle marine mammals, turtles, seabirds, and unwanted fish

Gear used to capture organisms such as crabs and lobsters; lost gear may keep trapping animals and buoy ropes may entangle mammals

Continued capture of organisms by lost or abandoned fishing gear

The unintended capture of nontarget organisms or individuals of the wrong size or sex; heavy bycatch can overfish nontarget populations

Catch per unit effort = total catch ÷ fishing effort; a decline can indicate that more effort is needed because the stock is becoming scarce

The Newfoundland and Labrador cod collapse caused by excessive industrial harvest and weak management, leading Canada to impose a 1992 moratorium and causing major ecological and economic losses