AP®︎ Environmental Science Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for every unit and topic to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam. Select a unit or topic to begin.

Unit 1: The Living World: Ecosystems

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Topic 1.1
Introduction to Ecosystems

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Topic 1.2
Terrestrial Biomes

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Topic 1.3
Aquatic Biomes

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Topic 1.4
The Carbon Cycle

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Topic 1.5
The Nitrogen Cycle

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Topic 1.6
The Phosphorus Cycle

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Topic 1.7
The Hydrologic (Water) Cycle

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Topic 1.8
Primary Productivity

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Topic 1.9
Trophic Levels

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Topic 1.10
Energy Flow and the 10% Rule

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Topic 1.11
Food Chains and Food Webs

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Unit 2: The Living World: Biodiversity

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Topic 2.1
Introduction to Biodiversity

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Topic 2.2
Ecosystem Services

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Topic 2.3
Island Biogeography

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Topic 2.4
Ecological Tolerance

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Topic 2.5
Natural Disruptions to Ecosystems

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Topic 2.6
Adaptations

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Topic 2.7
Ecological Succession

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Unit 3: Populations

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Topic 3.1
Generalist and Specialist Species

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Topic 3.2
K-Selected r-Selected Species

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Topic 3.3
Survivorship Curves

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Topic 3.4
Carrying Capacity

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Topic 3.5
Population Growth and Resource Availability

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Topic 3.6
Age Structure Diagrams

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Topic 3.7
Total Fertility Rate

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Topic 3.8
Human Population Dynamics

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Topic 3.9
Demographic Transition

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Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources

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Topic 4.1
Plate Tectonics

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Topic 4.2
Soil Formation and Erosion

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Topic 4.3
Soil Composition and Properties

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Topic 4.4
Earth’s Atmosphere

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Topic 4.5
Global Wind Patterns

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Topic 4.6
Watersheds

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Topic 4.7
Solar Radiation and Earth’s Seasons

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Topic 4.8
Earth’s Geography and Climate

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Topic 4.9
El Niño and La Niña

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Unit 5: Land and Water Use

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Topic 5.1
The Tragedy of the Commons

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Topic 5.2
Clearcutting

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Topic 5.3
The Green Revolution

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Topic 5.4
Impact of Agricultural Practices

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Topic 5.5
Irrigation Methods

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Topic 5.6
Pest Control Methods

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Topic 5.7
Meat Production Methods

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Topic 5.8
Impacts of Overfishing

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Topic 5.9
Impacts of Mining

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Topic 5.10
Impacts of Urbanization

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Topic 5.11
Ecological Footprints

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Topic 5.12
Introduction to Sustainability

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Topic 5.13
Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff

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Topic 5.14
Integrated Pest Management

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Topic 5.15
Sustainable Agriculture

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Topic 5.16
Aquaculture

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Topic 5.17
Sustainable Forestry

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Unit 6: Energy Resources and Consumption

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Topic 6.1
Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources

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Topic 6.2
Global Energy Consumption

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Topic 6.3
Fuel Types and Uses

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Topic 6.4
Distribution of Natural Energy Resources

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Topic 6.5
Fossil Fuels

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Topic 6.6
Nuclear Power

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Topic 6.7
Energy from Biomass

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Topic 6.8
Solar Energy

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Topic 6.9
Hydroelectric Power

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Topic 6.10
Geothermal Energy

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Topic 6.11
Hydrogen Fuel Cell

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Topic 6.12
Wind Energy

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Topic 6.13
Energy Conservation

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Unit 7: Atmospheric Pollution

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Topic 7.1
Introduction to Air Pollution

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Topic 7.2
Photochemical Smog

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Topic 7.3
Thermal Inversion

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Topic 7.4
Atmospheric CO₂ and Particulates

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Topic 7.5
Indoor Air Pollutants

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Topic 7.6
Reduction of Air Pollutants

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Topic 7.7
Acid Rain

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Topic 7.8
Noise Pollution

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Unit 8: Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution

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Topic 8.1
Sources of Pollution

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Topic 8.2
Human Impacts on Ecosystems

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Topic 8.3
Endocrine Disruptors

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Topic 8.4
Human Impacts on Wetlands and Mangroves

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Topic 8.5
Eutrophication

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Topic 8.6
Thermal Pollution

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Topic 8.7
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

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Topic 8.8
Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification

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Topic 8.9
Solid Waste Disposal

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Topic 8.10
Waste Reduction Methods

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Topic 8.11
Sewage Treatment

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Topic 8.12
Lethal Dose 50% (LD50)

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Topic 8.13
Dose Response Curve

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Topic 8.14
Pollution and Human Health

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Topic 8.15
Pathogens and Infectious Diseases

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Unit 9: Global Change

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Topic 9.1
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

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Topic 9.2
Reducing Ozone Depletion

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Topic 9.3
The Greenhouse Effect

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Topic 9.4
Increases in the Greenhouse Gases

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Topic 9.5
Global Climate Change

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Topic 9.6
Ocean Warming

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Topic 9.7
Ocean Acidification

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Topic 9.8
Invasive Species

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Topic 9.9
Endangered Species

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Topic 9.10
Human Impacts on Biodiversity

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