AP®︎ Environmental Science: Topic 5.11 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 5.11 of AP Environmental Science – Ecological Footprints to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Ecological Footprint

Definition

The biologically productive land and water area needed to supply an individual’s or society’s renewable resources and absorb its wastes under prevailing technology and management

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Ecological Footprint
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The biologically productive land and water area needed to supply an individual’s or society’s renewable resources and absorb its wastes under prevailing technology and management

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Cropland
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The ecological-footprint category for land that supplies crops, plant fibers, livestock feed, and some biofuels

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Grazing Land
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The ecological-footprint category for pasture or rangeland used to support livestock

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Fishing Grounds
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The ecological-footprint category for productive aquatic areas that supply harvested fish and other aquatic organisms

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Forest-Product Land
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The ecological-footprint category for forest area needed to supply timber, paper, and other forest products

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Built-Up Land
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The ecological-footprint category for productive land covered by settlements, roads, and other infrastructure

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Carbon Uptake Land
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The estimated forest area needed to absorb fossil-fuel carbon dioxide emissions not otherwise absorbed, especially by oceans

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Total vs. Per-Capita Ecological Footprint
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Total footprint measures a population’s combined demand; per-capita footprint measures average demand per person, with total footprint = population × footprint per person

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Global Hectare (gha)
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One hectare of biologically productive land or water with world-average productivity in a given year

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Consumption-Based Accounting
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Assigns ecological demand to consumers: consumption footprint = domestic-production footprint + footprint embodied in imports − footprint embodied in exports

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Biocapacity
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The capacity of biologically productive land and water to generate renewable resources and absorb wastes

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Ecological Balance
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Biocapacity − ecological footprint; a positive value indicates a reserve and a negative value indicates a deficit

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Ecological Reserve vs. Ecological Deficit
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A reserve occurs when biocapacity exceeds ecological footprint; a deficit occurs when ecological footprint exceeds biocapacity

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Demand-to-Capacity Ratio
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Ecological footprint ÷ biocapacity; a value above 1 indicates demand exceeds capacity, while a value below 1 indicates demand is below capacity

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Ecological Overshoot
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The global condition in which humanity’s ecological footprint exceeds Earth’s biocapacity

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Carbon Footprint
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A measure of greenhouse gas emissions, usually reported in carbon dioxide equivalents

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Water Footprint
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A related indicator of water consumed or polluted, rather than the biologically productive area measured by an ecological footprint

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