AP®︎ Statistics: Topic 1.12 Flashcards

Systematic error in the sampling procedure that makes a statistic consistently too high or too low relative to the population parameter

Bias that can occur when the sample consists of people who choose themselves to participate, so volunteers may differ systematically from nonvolunteers

Bias that may occur when part of the population is left out of the sampling frame or has a smaller chance of being selected

Bias that may occur when selected individuals do not respond and respondents differ from nonrespondents in ways related to the study

Bias that occurs when responses or measurements tend to differ from the true value in one direction

A form of response bias in which the wording of a question influences responses

Responses people give about themselves that may be systematically inaccurate because of faulty memory or a desire to give socially acceptable answers

Sample chosen because the individuals are easy to reach or readily available

Methods that do not use random chance to select individuals; can introduce bias because some individuals may be favored over others

Voluntary response means people choose whether to enter the sample; nonresponse means selected people fail to provide data

Undercoverage happens before selection when some population members have little or no chance to be chosen; nonresponse happens after selection when chosen individuals do not respond

Nonrandom method of choosing individuals because they are easy to reach or readily available; can produce bias because those individuals may differ from the population