AP®︎ Statistics: Topic 2.4 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 2.4 of AP Statistics – Introduction to Probability to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Random Process

Definition

A repeatable process whose individual result is determined at least partly by chance

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Random Process
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A repeatable process whose individual result is determined at least partly by chance

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Outcome
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The result of one trial of a random process

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Sample Space
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The set of all possible nonoverlapping outcomes of a random process, commonly denoted S; P(S) = 1

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Event
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A collection of outcomes from the sample space; an event occurs when the observed outcome is in that collection

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Probability Model
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A description of a random process that lists possible outcomes and assigns probabilities to them

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P(E)
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Notation for the probability that event E occurs

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Valid Probability Model
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A model that assigns probabilities with 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1 for every event E and P(S) = 1

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Theoretical Probability
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When outcomes in a finite sample space are equally likely, P(E) = number of outcomes in E divided by total number of outcomes in S

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Equally Likely Outcomes
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Outcomes that all have the same probability; only then can probability be found by counting outcomes

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Complement Rule
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P(E^C) = 1 − P(E), equivalently P(E) + P(E^C) = 1

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Long-Run Relative Frequency Interpretation
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For many independent repetitions of a random process under the same conditions, the proportion of times E occurs approaches P(E)

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Complement of an Event
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The event that E does not occur; all outcomes in the sample space not in E; written E′, Ē, or E^C

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