AP®︎ Statistics: Topic 5.1 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 5.1 of AP Statistics – Graphical Representations Between Two Quantitative Variables to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Bivariate Quantitative Data Set

Definition

Data with two quantitative measurements for each individual; each observation is a paired ordered pair (x, y)

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Bivariate Quantitative Data Set
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Data with two quantitative measurements for each individual; each observation is a paired ordered pair (x, y)

5.1.A5.1.A.1
Ordered Pair (x, y)
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The two matched values for one individual in bivariate data, with x for one variable and y for the corresponding other variable

5.1.A5.1.A.1
Scatterplot
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A graph of the relationship between two quantitative variables in which each ordered pair is plotted as one point

5.1.A5.1.A.2
Explanatory Variable / Independent Variable
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The variable used to explain or predict the response; by convention placed on the x-axis

5.1.A5.1.A.2
Response Variable / Dependent Variable
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The variable being explained or predicted; by convention placed on the y-axis

5.1.A5.1.A.2
Constructing a Scatterplot
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Keep data paired; put explanatory on x and response on y; label variables and units; use consistent scales covering the data; plot one point per ordered pair; do not connect points

5.1.A5.1.A.2
Form, Direction, Strength, and Unusual Features
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The four characteristics used for a complete description of a scatterplot

5.1.B5.1.B.1
Linear Association
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An association in which the points follow an overall straight-line pattern

5.1.B5.1.B.2
Nonlinear Association
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An association in which the points follow a curved or bending pattern rather than a straight line

5.1.B5.1.B.2
Positive Association
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As the explanatory variable increases, the response variable tends to increase

5.1.B5.1.B.3
Negative Association
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As the explanatory variable increases, the response variable tends to decrease

5.1.B5.1.B.3
Strength of Association
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How closely the points follow the general pattern; described visually as strong, moderate, or weak

5.1.B5.1.B.4
Cluster
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A group of points concentrated in one region of the scatterplot and somewhat separated from other groups

5.1.B5.1.B.5
Unusual Point
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A point that lies apart from the main pattern of the scatterplot

5.1.B5.1.B.5
Justifying a Claim with a Scatterplot
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Use visible features of the scatterplot in context—form, direction, strength, and unusual features—to say whether a claim is supported or contradicted; a scatterplot shows association, not causation

5.1.C5.1.C.1