AP®︎ Statistics: Topic 1.4 Flashcards

The categories of a categorical variable and how frequently they occur

The count of observational units in a category

The count in a category divided by the total number of observations; a category's share of the data

A relative frequency multiplied by 100%

A graph for one categorical variable with one bar per category; bar height or length shows frequency, relative frequency, or percentage, and the bars are separated by gaps

A graph that represents the whole data set as a circle; each slice is a category, and the slice’s area as a fraction of the circle equals the category’s relative frequency

Bar charts display categorical data with gaps between bars; histograms display quantitative intervals and adjacent bars usually touch

For relative frequency p, slice angle = 360°p

When categories are mutually exclusive parts of one whole and account for the entire data set

The category with the greatest frequency; equivalently, for one data set, the greatest relative frequency

Support the claim with the relevant count or proportion from the graph and state what it means in context

Compare the same categorical variable across data sets using the same category definitions and, when using separate graphs, the same category order and compatible scales

Use relative frequencies to compare categorical distributions when data sets have different sizes; raw counts are directly comparable when data sets have the same size

The arithmetic difference between two percentages, such as 35% - 30% = 5 percentage points

A graph in which the visual sizes do not correspond accurately to the frequencies or relative frequencies, such as from a truncated bar-chart axis, unequal visual scaling, or distorted images

Frequency bar chart: bar heights give counts in each category; relative-frequency bar chart: bar heights give proportions or percentages in each category

A table listing each category and its frequency

A table listing each category and its relative frequency or percentage