AP®︎ Statistics: Topic 3.1 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.1 of AP Statistics – Estimators to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Population Parameter

Definition

Numerical characteristic of a population; fixed for that population but usually unknown

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Population Parameter
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Numerical characteristic of a population; fixed for that population but usually unknown

3.1.B3.1.B.1
Sample Statistic
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Numerical value calculated from sample data; used to learn about a population parameter

3.1.B3.1.B.1
Estimator
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Rule that uses sample data to estimate an unknown population parameter; often a statistic used for that purpose

3.1.B3.1.B.1
Point Estimator
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An estimator that produces a single numerical value as its estimate

3.1.B3.1.B.1
Point Estimate
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The single numerical value produced by a point estimator from one particular sample

3.1.B3.1.B.1
Unbiased Estimator
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An estimator whose mean over all possible random samples equals the population parameter; E(θ̂) = θ

3.1.A3.1.A.1
Bias Of An Estimator
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E(θ̂) - θ; positive means overestimates on average, negative means underestimates on average

3.1.A3.1.A.1
Sampling Distribution
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Distribution of the values of a statistic over all possible samples of a given size from the same random process

3.1.A3.1.A.1
Sample Proportion p̂ And Population Proportion p
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p̂ = x/n estimates p, where p is the population proportion and p̂ is the sample proportion; once calculated from one sample, the observed value of p̂ is the point estimate

3.1.B3.1.B.1
Sample Mean x̄ And Population Mean μ
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x̄ estimates μ

3.1.B3.1.B.1
Sample Standard Deviation s And Population Standard Deviation σ
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s estimates σ

3.1.B3.1.B.1
Difference In Sample Proportions p̂₁ - p̂₂ And Difference In Population Proportions p₁ - p₂
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p̂₁ - p̂₂ estimates p₁ - p₂

3.1.B3.1.B.1
Difference In Sample Means x̄₁ - x̄₂ And Difference In Population Means μ₁ - μ₂
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x̄₁ - x̄₂ estimates μ₁ - μ₂

3.1.B3.1.B.1
Center Vs Spread Of An Estimator
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Bias is about the center of the sampling distribution; variability is about its spread

3.1.A3.1.A.1