AP®︎ Statistics: Topic 1.10 Flashcards
Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.10 of AP Statistics – The Investigative Question Revisited and Data Collection to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.
Investigative Question Components
1) variables and data collection, 2) parameter or relationship and analysis, 3) population and type of conclusion
1) variables and data collection, 2) parameter or relationship and analysis, 3) population and type of conclusion
States the variable(s) of interest and what will be measured on each observational unit; guides data collection
States the population parameter or relationship of interest and guides the choice of analysis
States the population to which the conclusion is intended to apply and the type of conclusion sought, such as association or cause-and-effect
An investigative question that makes clear the parameter or relationship of interest and the direction of the alternative hypothesis
An investigative question that identifies the parameter or relationship of interest and asks for an estimate in a range of plausible values
Recording information from every individual or item in the population
A study in which the researcher assigns treatments to experimental units to investigate their effects
The observational unit to which a treatment is assigned; when people, often called subjects or participants
The variable that may explain or predict changes in the response; in an experiment, a factor is an explanatory variable whose levels are imposed on experimental units
A condition imposed on experimental units; with one factor, the treatments are the factor's levels; with more than one factor, the treatments are combinations of factor levels
The outcome measured or recorded on each unit; in an experiment, it is measured after the treatment is administered
A study in which treatments are not imposed and the researcher records variables as they naturally occur
An observational study in which units are selected at a point in time and data are gathered then and into the future
An observational study in which units are selected at a point in time and information from the past is gathered
An observational study that collects data from people using a standard set of questions
A variable associated with both the explanatory and response variables that provides an alternative explanation for an observed relationship
A sample in which all observational or experimental units are selected from the population using a random mechanism
A sample in which units are deliberately chosen or volunteer themselves rather than being selected by a random mechanism
When units are randomly selected from a population, it is appropriate to generalize results to that population
If units are not randomly selected, conclusions should be limited to the study units or similar individuals, not the whole population
Using a random mechanism to assign treatments to experimental units; in a well-designed experiment, it supports a cause-and-effect conclusion
Random selection chooses units from a population and supports generalization to that population; random assignment assigns treatments to experimental units and supports cause-and-effect conclusions
A subset of the population from which data are obtained
All individuals or items of interest in the study
The individual or item on which data are recorded
