AP®︎ Statistics: Topic 1.13 Flashcards
Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.13 of AP Statistics – Experimental Design to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.
Experiment
A study that imposes treatments on experimental units and measures a response
A study that imposes treatments on experimental units and measures a response
The individual or object to which a treatment is assigned; determined by the level of random assignment
A specific condition imposed on experimental units; with multiple factors, a treatment is a combination of factor levels
The outcome measured after the treatment is administered
A collection of experimental units created for comparison; may receive no treatment, a placebo, a standard treatment, or another treatment
An inactive treatment designed to resemble an active treatment
The difference between the average response to a placebo and the average response to no treatment
An experiment in which one relevant side does not know which treatment is being administered; usually the participants or the researchers who interact with them
An experiment in which neither participants nor the researchers who interact with them know treatment assignments
A variable known or believed to affect the response but not studied as an explanatory variable
A variable related to the explanatory variable so their effects on the response cannot be separated
An experimental design in which treatments are assigned to all experimental units completely at random, with no blocks
An extraneous variable believed to affect the response and used to form blocks
A design that first groups units into similar blocks based on a blocking variable, then randomly assigns treatments within each block so every treatment appears in every block
To separate variation due to the blocking variable from other variation, making treatment comparisons more precise
A randomized block design with exactly two treatments, using pairs of similar units or one unit receiving both treatments in random order
Random assignment determines which treatment units receive and supports cause-and-effect conclusions; random selection determines which individuals enter the sample and supports generalization to the population
Comparison, random assignment, replication, and direct control of potential extraneous variation
Use of at least two treatment groups so a treatment effect can be evaluated relative to another condition
The variable whose levels or categories are imposed by the researcher
