AP®︎ U.S. Government & Politics: Topic 2.14 Flashcards

Congress’s review, monitoring, and supervision of executive agencies to ensure laws are implemented as intended and delegated authority is not exceeded

A formal committee session in which witnesses testify and answer questions to investigate bureaucratic activity and create a public record

A legislative support agency that audits and evaluates federal programs for Congress

A legislative support agency that provides Congress with budgetary and economic analysis

Officials within executive agencies who investigate waste, fraud, abuse, and mismanagement and report significant findings to agency leaders and Congress

Routine, proactive congressional monitoring of an agency or program

Congressional oversight triggered by complaints, scandals, whistleblowers, interest groups, media reports, or program failures

Congress’s authority to appropriate or withhold federal funds, allowing it to expand, restrict, or condition bureaucratic activity

Authorization establishes or continues a program; appropriation provides the legal authority to spend money on it

A president’s refusal or delay in spending funds that Congress has appropriated

Law that strengthened Congress’s budget process, created the CBO and budget committees, and restricted presidential impoundment of appropriated funds

The president’s direction of executive agencies through appointments, directives, OMB review, budget proposals, and political supervision so implementation reflects the administration’s lawful goals

Checking whether laws and regulations are followed and federal funds are properly used, a process that can also add costs, paperwork, and delays

A House and Senate investigation of intelligence collection, information sharing, coordination, and warning signs surrounding the September 11 attacks

An independent bipartisan commission that investigated the September 11 attacks and recommended reforms later considered by Congress

Law responding to post-9/11 investigations that created the director of national intelligence and the National Counterterrorism Center

Johnson’s 1965 order requiring federal contractors to prohibit employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, or national origin and to take affirmative action; sex was added in 1967

A dispute in which Reagan appointees’ Superfund management prompted congressional investigations, document demands, a contempt citation, and EPA leadership change

A presidential proposal to cancel appropriated spending, which both chambers must approve within 45 days of continuous session or the funds must be released

A presidential delay of appropriated spending that must be reported to Congress and cannot be used to override Congress’s policy judgment