AP®︎ U.S. Government & Politics: Topic 2.6 Flashcards

Formal powers are granted by the Constitution; informal powers develop through statutes, precedent, and practice but still require a lawful basis

A presidential directive managing executive officers or agencies under constitutional or congressionally delegated authority; it is not a statute and may be checked or reversed

An international agreement made by the president without the two-thirds Senate vote required to ratify a treaty

A statement issued when signing a law that explains how the president interprets or intends to administer it without amending the statute

The president’s use of political influence, party leadership, access, appointments, and negotiation to gain support from Congress and other officials

Hamilton’s defense of a single energetic executive whose unity permits decisive action, steady administration, national protection, and clear accountability

Theodore Roosevelt’s expansive view that the president may act for the national interest unless the Constitution or federal law forbids the action

William Howard Taft’s view that presidential action must be reasonably traced to a constitutional or statutory grant or a power properly implied from one

FDR’s 1941 State of the Union address promoting freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear as national and global goals

The 1951 amendment limiting a person to two presidential elections, or one if the person served more than two years of another’s term, allowing at most ten years in office

Congress’s grant of broad statutory authority and discretion to the executive branch, increasing presidential capacity to pursue policy priorities

Presidential instructions intended to align executive agencies’ implementation of laws with the administration’s policy agenda