AP®︎ U.S. Government & Politics: Topic 5.7 Flashcards

The result of policymaking, including agenda attention, adoption, funding, implementation, enforcement, alteration, or repeal

The stage in which actors influence which conditions government recognizes and addresses as public problems

The stage in which officials and outside actors develop proposals, often using specialized information and expertise

Formal approval of a policy by an institution with legal authority, such as Congress and the president

The stage in which government determines the funding that allows an authorized policy or program to operate

The stage in which agencies turn laws into regulations, administrative practices, and enforcement priorities

Agencies submit requests, OMB and the president assemble a proposed budget, Congress authorizes and appropriates funds, and agencies implement funded programs

An organized group focused on one narrow policy concern or closely connected set of concerns

A movement seeking political change based on a broad set of ideas about government or society

Sustained collective action seeking to change or resist changes to social practices, attitudes, institutions, and public policy

A movement using visible collective action, such as marches, boycotts, strikes, sit-ins, or civil disobedience, to pressure officials or the public

An organization representing an occupation or field that uses member interests and specialized expertise to influence public policy

A winning party's claim that an election result demonstrates public support for its policy program, not a separate constitutional power

A durable shift in important groups' party loyalties that changes party coalitions and can redirect policy for an extended period

Uses defense expertise, spending requests, and testimony to influence national-security and budget policy while remaining subject to civilian authority

Shape policy through expertise during formulation and through discretion in rulemaking, administration, and enforcement after enactment