AP®︎ U.S. Government & Politics: Topic 2.4 Flashcards

The issues, programs, and policy changes an administration identifies as priorities

Presidential powers expressly granted by the Constitution

Presidential tools developed through political practice, precedent, or statutory delegation rather than separately named in the Constitution

The presidential role of supervising the executive branch and directing the implementation of federal law

The presidential role of recommending legislation, negotiating with Congress, and signing or vetoing bills

The presidential role of directing the armed forces, while Congress retains powers such as declaring war and providing military funding

The presidential role of representing the United States abroad and directing diplomacy, including negotiating international agreements

The presidential role of performing ceremonial and symbolic functions as the national representative

The informal presidential role of advancing the electoral and policy goals of the president's political party

The president's power to nominate ambassadors, federal judges, and principal executive officials, generally subject to Senate confirmation

The official who presides over the Senate, casts tie-breaking votes, succeeds the president when required, and may perform advisory or policy assignments

The executive department heads, vice president, and other officials given Cabinet rank who advise the president and administer federal agencies

Organizations and advisers—including the White House Office, OMB, NSC, and CEA—that directly help the president develop policy, coordinate priorities, and manage the executive branch

The president's return of a bill with written objections; Congress can override it with a two-thirds vote in both chambers

The defeat of an unsigned bill when congressional adjournment prevents its return during the 10-day period; it cannot be overridden

Informal presidential efforts to secure voluntary congressional support through negotiation, coalition building, incentives, and political pressure

A formal international agreement negotiated by the president that requires approval by two-thirds of the Senate

An international arrangement made by the president without the two-thirds Senate approval required for a treaty

A presidential directive to executive officers or agencies based on Article II authority or authority delegated by Congress

A written statement issued when the president signs a bill that explains the president's interpretation of the law or guides its implementation