AP®︎ U.S. Government & Politics: Topic 4.2 Flashcards

The lifelong process through which individuals develop political beliefs, values, opinions, identities, and patterns of political behavior

Judgments about political facts, institutions, and relationships

Broad principles, such as liberty or equality, that individuals use to evaluate political life

Positions on particular candidates, institutions, issues, or policies

Political attachments or self-descriptions, such as party identification or identifying as liberal, conservative, moderate, or libertarian

Actions involving politics, such as voting, discussing issues, contacting officials, campaigning, protesting, joining organizations, or not participating

The belief that one understands politics and can influence government

Confidence in government and political institutions

A relatively organized set of beliefs about government and public policy

The widely shared beliefs, values, assumptions, and expectations that shape political life; U.S. political culture emphasizes democratic ideals and core values

A person, group, institution, or environment through which political learning occurs

Generally the earliest and often one of the most influential agents, transmitting political attitudes, identities, and behavior through direct teaching and everyday example

Institutions that transmit civic knowledge and democratic norms through instruction, routines, symbols, and opportunities to practice participation

Informal civic learning that occurs through a school’s routines, symbols, practices, and organizational culture rather than designated government lessons

Friends, classmates, coworkers, and social networks that spread political information, establish group norms, and connect political views to belonging

News, entertainment, websites, podcasts, and social media that expose people to political information, issues, arguments, models, and opportunities to participate

The tendency to choose media sources that fit one’s existing preferences

An environment in which a person repeatedly encounters like-minded views and has limited exposure to competing arguments

Voluntary groups that can develop political knowledge, efficacy, and civic skills through discussion, cooperation, leadership, and interaction with government

Religious communities and networks that connect moral principles and group identities to political issues, information, skills, and participation

The communities and institutions in which people regularly interact and encounter political problems, norms, services, and experiences

The strengthening of a political attitude or behavior when multiple socializing agents communicate similar messages

Competing political messages from different socializing agents that may qualify views, weaken attachments, cause change, or encourage disengagement

The increasing movement of people, information, goods, capital, and cultural ideas across national borders, creating reciprocal influence among political cultures

The importance or attention an issue receives, which media can influence by emphasizing some matters more than others

Presenting a political issue by emphasizing particular causes, consequences, values, or interpretations