AP®︎ U.S. Government & Politics: Topic 2.8 Flashcards

Creates the Supreme Court, permits Congress to establish lower federal courts, defines federal jurisdiction, and protects judges through tenure during good behavior and undiminished compensation

Article III limitation requiring federal courts to decide actual legal disputes rather than issue general policy recommendations or advisory opinions

Original jurisdiction means a case begins in the Supreme Court; appellate jurisdiction means the Court reviews a lower court’s decision

Judges’ ability to decide cases without immediate political retaliation, protected chiefly by tenure during good behavior and undiminished compensation

Hamilton’s defense of an independent, “least dangerous” judiciary that exercises judgment and must prefer the higher authority of the Constitution to conflicting statutes

The power of courts to determine whether government action conforms to the Constitution and to deny legal effect to unconstitutional laws or executive actions

Supreme Court decision that invalidated part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 for conflicting with Article III, thereby establishing judicial review of federal laws