AP®︎ U.S. Government & Politics: Topic 5.1 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 5.1 of AP U.S. Government & Politics – Voting Rights and Models of Voting Behavior to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Suffrage / Franchise

Definition

The right to vote

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Suffrage / Franchise
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The right to vote

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Enfranchisement vs. Disenfranchisement
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Enfranchisement is gaining voting rights; disenfranchisement is losing the vote or being prevented from exercising it

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Fourteenth Amendment (14th Amendment)
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The 1868 amendment granting citizenship to persons born or naturalized in the United States and providing due-process and equal-protection guarantees

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Fifteenth Amendment (15th Amendment)
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The 1870 amendment prohibiting denial or abridgment of voting rights because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

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Seventeenth Amendment (17th Amendment)
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The 1913 amendment replacing selection of U.S. senators by state legislatures with direct election by voters

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Nineteenth Amendment (19th Amendment)
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The 1920 amendment prohibiting denial or abridgment of voting rights on account of sex, granting women nationwide voting rights

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Poll Tax
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A payment required as a condition of voting, creating a wealth-based structural barrier to participation

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Twenty-Fourth Amendment (24th Amendment)
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The 1964 amendment prohibiting poll taxes or other voting taxes in federal elections

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Twenty-Sixth Amendment (26th Amendment)
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The 1971 amendment prohibiting age-based denial of voting rights to citizens 18 or older, lowering the voting age from 21 to 18

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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Federal legislation enforcing the Fifteenth Amendment by prohibiting racial discrimination in voting and targeting literacy tests and similar suppression tactics

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Preclearance
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The Voting Rights Act system requiring certain jurisdictions with histories of discrimination to obtain federal approval before changing voting laws

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Rational-Choice Voting
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Choosing the candidate or party perceived to best serve the voter's interests after comparing expected costs, benefits, or preferences

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Retrospective Voting
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Choosing whether to reward or punish an incumbent or governing party based on its past performance and recent conditions

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Prospective Voting
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Choosing based on predictions about a candidate's or party's future performance, policies, or leadership

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Straight-Ticket Voting
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Voting for the full slate of one political party's candidates across the contests on a ballot

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