AP®︎ U.S. Government & Politics: Topic 3.1 Flashcards

The first ten amendments, ratified in 1791, that enumerate individual liberties and legal protections and limit government power

Rights expressly identified or listed in the constitutional text

Civil liberties protect freedom from arbitrary government interference; civil rights protect equal treatment and guard against discrimination

Protects religious liberty and the freedoms of speech, press, peaceful assembly, and petition

The First Amendment restriction on government support for or establishment of religion

The First Amendment protection for religious belief and, subject to constitutional limits, religious practice

The First Amendment protection for many forms of verbal and expressive communication

The First Amendment protection for publishing and circulating information and opinion

The First Amendment protection for peaceful collective expression and association

The First Amendment protection for asking government to change policies or remedy grievances

Protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms while referring to the necessity of a well-regulated militia

Prohibits quartering soldiers in private homes during peacetime without consent and permits wartime quartering only as prescribed by law

Protects persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures and establishes warrant requirements

A government effort to obtain information in an area or interest protected by the Fourth Amendment

Government control over a person or property under the Fourth Amendment

The Fourth Amendment standard that must support the issuance of a warrant

A warrant must be supported by probable cause and oath or affirmation and particularly describe the place to be searched and the persons or things to be seized

Generally requires a grand-jury indictment for federal capital or infamous crimes, with military exceptions, and protects against double jeopardy, compelled self-incrimination, deprivation without due process, and uncompensated takings

The Fifth Amendment protection against being placed twice in jeopardy for the same offense

The Fifth Amendment protection against being compelled in a criminal case to be a witness against oneself

The constitutional requirement that government act lawfully and nonarbitrarily when depriving a person of life, liberty, or property

Procedural due process concerns the methods government uses; substantive due process concerns whether government has adequate constitutional justification for the deprivation

The Fifth Amendment rule that private property may not be taken for public use without just compensation

Guarantees criminal defendants a speedy public trial by an impartial local jury, notice of the accusation, confrontation of opposing witnesses, compulsory process for favorable witnesses, and assistance of counsel

Preserves a jury trial in federal civil cases at common law involving more than twenty dollars and limits reexamination of jury-found facts

Prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishments

Provides that listing certain constitutional rights must not be interpreted to deny or disparage other rights retained by the people

Rights retained by the people even though they are not expressly listed in the constitutional text

Reserves powers neither delegated to the United States nor prohibited to the states to the states or the people

A Bill of Rights claim ordinarily requires action by government or someone legally acting on its behalf, not purely private conduct

Courts give practical meaning to the Bill of Rights’ broad language by applying constitutional text and precedent to concrete facts