AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 3.4 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.4 of AP Chemistry – Ideal Gas Law to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Ideal Gas Law

Definition

PV = nRT, relating pressure, volume, moles, and temperature for an ideal gas.

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Ideal Gas Law
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PV = nRT, relating pressure, volume, moles, and temperature for an ideal gas.

3.4.A3.4.A.1
Gas Variables and Units in The Ideal Gas Law
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P in atm, V in L, n in mol, T in K, and R = 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K.

3.4.A3.4.A.1
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
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Conditions of 1 atm pressure and 273.15 K temperature.

3.4.A
Pressure and Particle Collisions
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Pressure comes from gas particles colliding with the walls of their container.

3.4.A
Temperature and Average Kinetic Energy
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Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

3.4.A
Boyle's Law
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At constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely related: P1V1 = P2V2.

3.4.A3.4.A.3
Charles's Law
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At constant pressure, volume and temperature are directly related: V1/T1 = V2/T2.

3.4.A3.4.A.3
Gay-Lussac's Law
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At constant volume, pressure and temperature are directly related: P1/T1 = P2/T2.

3.4.A3.4.A.3
Avogadro's Law
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At constant pressure and temperature, volume is directly proportional to moles: V1/n1 = V2/n2.

3.4.A3.4.A.3
Combined Gas Law
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P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2, combining pressure, volume, and temperature when moles stay constant.

3.4.A3.4.A.1
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
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Total pressure equals the sum of each gas's partial pressure in a mixture.

3.4.A3.4.A.2
Partial Pressure
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The pressure exerted by one gas component in a mixture, independent of other gases.

3.4.A3.4.A.2
Mole Fraction
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The ratio of moles of one gas to total moles in a mixture.

3.4.A3.4.A.2
Partial Pressure from Mole Fraction
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For gas A, PA = XA × Ptotal, where XA is its mole fraction.

3.4.A3.4.A.2
Graphical Gas Relationships
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P, V, T, and n can be graphed to show direct or inverse proportional relationships.

3.4.A3.4.A.3
Standard Pressure
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Atmospheric pressure under standard conditions is 1.00 atm, 760 torr, 760 mm Hg, or 101.3 kPa.

3.4.A
Kelvin Conversion
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Temperature in Celsius is converted to Kelvin by adding 273.15.

3.4.A3.4.A.1