AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 3.3 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.3 of AP Chemistry – Solids, Liquids, and Gases to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, and Gas

Definition

Solid: fixed shape and volume; liquid: fixed volume only; gas: neither fixed shape nor volume.

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States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, and Gas
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Solid: fixed shape and volume; liquid: fixed volume only; gas: neither fixed shape nor volume.

3.3.A3.3.A.4
Crystalline vs. Amorphous Solids
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Crystalline solids have ordered 3-D particle arrangements; amorphous solids lack long-range regular order.

3.3.A3.3.A.1
Particle Motion in Solids
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Particles stay in fixed positions and only vibrate, with no overall translational motion.

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Packing and Interparticle Forces in Solids
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Solid structure depends on how strongly particles attract and how efficiently they can pack together.

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Liquid Particle Model
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Particles remain close together but move continuously, collide often, and slide past one another.

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Fluidity
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The ability of particles in a substance, especially a liquid or gas, to flow past one another.

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Molar Volume of Solids vs. Liquids
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For one substance, solid and liquid phases usually have similar molar volumes because particles stay closely packed.

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Gas Particle Model
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Particles are far apart, move constantly in straight lines, and experience minimal intermolecular attractions.

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Temperature, Pressure, and Volume Effects on Gases
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These variables change particle spacing and collision frequency in a gas.

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Compressibility
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The extent to which a substance's volume decreases when pressure is applied.

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Diffusion in Solids, Liquids, and Gases
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Mixing is extremely slow in solids, slow in liquids, and rapid in gases.

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Surface Tension
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A liquid minimizes surface area; stronger intermolecular forces increase it, while higher temperature decreases it.

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Viscosity
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A liquid's resistance to flow increases with stronger intermolecular forces and decreases with higher temperature.

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Cohesive and Adhesive Forces
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Attractions within a liquid and to surfaces determine capillary action and meniscus shape.

3.3.A3.3.A.2