AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 1.8 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.8 of AP Chemistry – Valence Electrons and Ionic Compounds to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Valence Electrons

Definition

The outermost s and p electrons that are involved in bonding.

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Valence Electrons
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The outermost s and p electrons that are involved in bonding.

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Valence Electrons From Periodic Table Position
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For main-group elements, the group number gives the number of outermost electrons.

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Ionization Energy Gap and Valence Electrons
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A large jump after removing several electrons shows how many outer electrons were present.

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Analogous Compounds
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Elements in the same group form similar compounds because they have the same valence electron pattern.

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Typical Ionic Charges by Group
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Group 1: +1, Group 2: +2, Group 13: +3, Group 15: -3, Group 16: -2, Group 17: -1.

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Ionic Bond
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Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions formed after electron transfer.

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Ionic Compound Formula Prediction
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Combine ions in the smallest whole-number ratio that makes the total charge zero.

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Ions, Cations, and Anions
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Charged atoms or molecules are positive after electron loss and negative after electron gain.

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Electronegativity
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An atom’s attraction for bonding electrons helps predict whether it gains, loses, or shares electrons.

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Octet Rule and Noble Gas Configuration
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Main-group atoms often gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable noble-gas-like valence shell.

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