AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 8.1 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 8.1 of AP Chemistry – Introduction to Acids and Bases to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Definition

Acids increase [H+]/[H3O+] in water; bases increase [OH-] in water.

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Arrhenius Acids and Bases
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Acids increase [H+]/[H3O+] in water; bases increase [OH-] in water.

8.1.A
Hydronium Ion / Hydrogen Ion
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H3O+(aq), often written H+(aq), is the aqueous form of a proton.

8.1.A8.1.A.1
pH and pOH
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pH = -log[H3O+] and pOH = -log[OH-].

8.1.A8.1.A.1
pKw and the pH + pOH Relationship
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At 25°C, pKw = 14.0, so pH + pOH = 14.0.

8.1.A8.1.A.3
Temperature Dependence of Kw and Neutral pH
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As temperature changes, Kw changes, so neutral water does not always have pH 7.

8.1.A8.1.A.4
Calculating [OH-] or [H3O+] from Kw
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Use [H3O+][OH-] = Kw to solve for the unknown ion concentration.

8.1.A8.1.A.2
Water Autoionization and Kw
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Water self-ionizes to form H3O+ and OH−, giving Kw = [H3O+][OH−].

8.1.A8.1.A.2
Neutral Water at 25°C
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In pure water at 25°C, [H3O+] = [OH−] = 1.0 × 10^-7 M.

8.1.A8.1.A.3