AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 8.4 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 8.4 of AP Chemistry – Acid-Base Reactions and Buffers to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

0%
16 cards total
16 not started
0 learning
0 almost done
0 mastered
Term

Buffer

Definition

A solution containing a weak acid and conjugate base or weak base and conjugate acid.

1 / 16
Buffer
Not Started

A solution containing a weak acid and conjugate base or weak base and conjugate acid.

8.4.A8.4.A.2
Buffer Action
Not Started

Added acid is consumed by the base component, and added base is consumed by the acid component.

8.4.A8.4.A.2
Excess Reagent pH in Strong Acid-Strong Base Mixtures
Not Started

Find leftover H+ or OH- by stoichiometry, divide by total volume, then calculate pH or pOH.

8.4.A8.4.A.1
Acid Excess, Base Excess, and Equimolar Cases
Not Started

Mixtures are analyzed by whether acid remains, base remains, or neither remains after stoichiometric reaction.

8.4.A
Weak Acid-Strong Base Buffer Region
Not Started

When weak acid remains after reaction, the solution contains HA and A- and acts as a buffer.

8.4.A8.4.A.2
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
Not Started

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]) for a weak acid buffer.

8.4.A8.4.A.2
Weak Base-Strong Acid Buffer Region
Not Started

When weak base remains after reaction, the solution contains B and HB+ and acts as a buffer.

8.4.A8.4.A.3
Henderson-Hasselbalch for Base Buffers
Not Started

pH = pKa + log([B]/[HB+]), equivalent to pH = pKa - log([HB+]/[B]).

8.4.A8.4.A.3
Equilibrium Constant for Weak Acid-Weak Base Reactions
Not Started

K = Ka × Kb / Kw for HA + B ⇌ A- + HB+.

8.4.A8.4.A.4
pH of Weak Acid-Weak Base Mixtures
Not Started

Compare Ka and Kb: larger Ka gives acidic, larger Kb gives basic, similar values give near-neutral.

8.4.A8.4.A.4
Strong Acid-Strong Base Neutralization
Not Started

A quantitative reaction where H+ and OH- form water, with other ions as spectators.

8.4.A8.4.A.1
Weak Acid-Strong Base Reaction
Not Started

A product-favored equilibrium where HA reacts with OH− to form A− and water.

8.4.A8.4.A.2
Weak Base-Strong Acid Reaction
Not Started

A product-favored equilibrium where B reacts with H3O+ to form HB+ and water.

8.4.A8.4.A.3
Weak Acid-Weak Base Reaction
Not Started

An equilibrium reaction where HA and B form A− and HB+ without going to completion.

8.4.A8.4.A.4
Weak Acid-Strong Base Equivalence Point
Not Started

At equivalence, A− hydrolyzes with water to produce OH−, making the solution slightly basic.

8.4.A8.4.A.2
Weak Base-Strong Acid Equivalence Point
Not Started

At equivalence, HB+ hydrolyzes with water to produce H3O+, making the solution slightly acidic.

8.4.A8.4.A.3