AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 3.1 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.1 of AP Chemistry – Intermolecular and Interparticle Forces to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Intermolecular Vs. Intramolecular Forces

Definition

Between molecules: dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole; within particles: covalent, ionic, metallic bonding.

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Intermolecular Vs. Intramolecular Forces
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Between molecules: dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole; within particles: covalent, ionic, metallic bonding.

3.1.A
London Dispersion Forces
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Attractions from Coulombic interactions between temporary, fluctuating dipoles in all atoms and molecules.

3.1.A3.1.A.1
Polarizability
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How easily an electron cloud is distorted; it increases with more electrons, larger size, and pi bonding.

3.1.A3.1.A.1
Contact Area and Dispersion Strength
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Greater surface contact between molecules increases dispersion attractions by allowing more electron-cloud interactions.

3.1.A3.1.A.1
London Dispersion Forces Vs. Van Der Waals Forces
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Dispersion is one specific weak attraction; van der Waals is a broader category and not synonymous.

3.1.A3.1.A.1
Dipole-Induced Dipole Interactions
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Attractions between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule whose electron cloud becomes temporarily distorted.

3.1.A3.1.A.2
Ion-Dipole Forces
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Attractions between an ion and the oppositely charged end of a polar molecule.

3.1.A3.1.A.2
Orientation Dependence Of Dipole-Dipole And Ion-Dipole Forces
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Opposite charges aligned closer give stronger attraction; like-charge alignment gives weaker or repulsive interactions.

3.1.A3.1.A.3
Hydrogen Bonding
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A strong attraction between H bonded to N, O, or F and a lone pair on N, O, or F.

3.1.A3.1.A.4
Intermolecular Vs. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding
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Between separate molecules or between different regions of the same large molecule containing suitable N, O, or F sites.

3.1.A3.1.A.5
Noncovalent Interactions In Biomolecules
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Hydrogen bonding, ionic attractions, dipole interactions, and dispersion forces within or between large biomolecules.

3.1.A3.1.A.5
Relative Strength Of Intermolecular Forces
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Generally ion-dipole and hydrogen bonding exceed dipole-dipole, while dispersion varies with size and polarizability.

3.1.A
Dipole Moments And Dipole-Dipole Interactions
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A permanent molecular dipole creates attractions between polar molecules when opposite partial charges align.

3.1.A3.1.A.2
Temporary Dipole
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A momentary uneven electron distribution that creates partial charges in an atom or molecule.

3.1.A3.1.A.1