AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 9.9 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 9.9 of AP Chemistry – Cell Potential and Free Energy to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Cell Potential / Electromotive Force

Definition

The voltage that drives electrons from anode to cathode in an electrochemical cell.

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Cell Potential / Electromotive Force
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The voltage that drives electrons from anode to cathode in an electrochemical cell.

9.9.A9.9.A.1
Standard Cell Potential
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The cell voltage under standard conditions: 1 M, 1 atm, and 298 K.

9.9.A9.9.A.2
Standard Conditions
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Conditions of 1 M solutes, 1 atm gases, and a temperature of 298 K.

9.9.A
Anode and Cathode
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Anode: oxidation; cathode: reduction; electrons flow from anode to cathode.

9.9.A9.9.A.2
Calculating Standard Cell Potential from Reduction Potentials
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Use E degrees cell = E degrees cathode minus E degrees anode, with both values as reductions.

9.9.A9.9.A.2
Reversing a Half-Reaction and Potential Sign
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If a reduction half-reaction is reversed to oxidation, its listed potential changes sign.

9.9.A9.9.A.2
Standard Reduction Potential
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The voltage for a half-reaction written as a reduction under standard conditions.

9.9.A9.9.A.2
Standard Hydrogen Electrode
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The reference half-cell assigned 0.00 V, used to define all reduction potentials.

9.9.A9.9.A.2
n and Faraday's Constant in ΔG° = -nFE°
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n is moles of electrons transferred; F is 96,485 coulombs per mole of electrons.

9.9.A9.9.A.3
Reducing Agent and Oxidizing Agent in a Cell
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The reducing agent is oxidized at the anode, and the oxidizing agent is reduced at the cathode.

9.9.A9.9.A.2
Cell Potential and Thermodynamic Favorability
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A positive standard cell potential means a spontaneous reaction, while a negative one requires external energy.

9.9.A9.9.A.1
Cell Potential and Gibbs Free Energy
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Standard free energy change equals −nFE°, so positive cell potential gives negative ΔG°.

9.9.A9.9.A.3