AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 8.3 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 8.3 of AP Chemistry – Weak Acid and Base Equilibria to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Monoprotic Weak Acid Equilibrium

Definition

A single-proton acid partially transfers H+ to water, forming H3O+ and its conjugate base.

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Monoprotic Weak Acid Equilibrium
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A single-proton acid partially transfers H+ to water, forming H3O+ and its conjugate base.

8.3.A8.3.A.1
Weak Base Equilibrium
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A weak base partially accepts H+ from water, forming OH- and its conjugate acid.

8.3.A8.3.A.3
Concentrations in a Weak Acid Solution
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At equilibrium, [H3O+] is much smaller than initial acid concentration, and most HA remains un-ionized.

8.3.A8.3.A.1
Concentrations in a Weak Base Solution
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At equilibrium, [OH-] is much smaller than initial base concentration, and most base remains un-ionized.

8.3.A8.3.A.3
Conjugate Acid-Base Pair
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Two species that differ by one proton, such as HA/A- or B/HB+.

8.3.A
Calculating pH of a Weak Acid
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Use an ICE table with Ka to find [H3O+], then calculate pH = -log[H3O+].

8.3.A8.3.A.2
Calculating pH of a Weak Base
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Use an ICE table with Kb to find [OH-], calculate pOH, then subtract from 14.

8.3.A8.3.A.4
ICE Table for Weak Acid-Base Equilibria
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Track initial, change, and equilibrium concentrations, then substitute equilibrium values into Ka or Kb.

8.3.A
Small-x Approximation
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If ionization is very small, subtracting x from the initial concentration is treated as negligible.

8.3.A
Strong vs. Weak Acids and Bases
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Strong acids and bases fully ionize, while weak ones only partially ionize at equilibrium.

8.3.A
Ka and pKa
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It relates weak acid equilibrium concentrations, and its negative logarithm indicates acid strength.

8.3.A8.3.A.2
Kb and pKb
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It relates weak base equilibrium concentrations, and its negative logarithm indicates base strength.

8.3.A8.3.A.4
Percent Ionization
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It is the percentage of initial acid or base molecules that ionize at equilibrium.

8.3.A8.3.A.5
Kw Relationships
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It connects hydronium, hydroxide, and conjugate pair constants through water’s ionization equilibrium.

8.3.A8.3.A.6
Percent Ionization and Concentration
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Diluting a weak acid or base increases its percent ionization at equilibrium.

8.3.A8.3.A.5