AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 8.5 Flashcards

A controlled neutralization used to determine an unknown acid or base concentration.

Analyte is the unknown solution; titrant is the known solution added from a buret.

A graph of pH versus volume of titrant added during a titration.

The point where stoichiometric amounts of acid and base have completely reacted.

Use balanced-reaction mole ratios at equivalence to relate titrant moles to original analyte moles.

The midpoint to equivalence where a weak acid and conjugate base are present equally.

When conjugate pair concentrations are equal, pH equals pKa or pOH equals pKb.

The pre-equivalence region containing a weak species and its conjugate partner, so pH changes gradually.

The dominant particles after neutralization determine pH through reactions with water.

Starts at extreme pH, changes gradually, then has a steep jump centered at pH 7.

Both show a buffer region and half-equivalence point, but equivalence pH is basic or acidic.

At equivalence, pH depends on whether the remaining species reacts with water.

Multiple equivalence points reveal proton count, major species, and pKa values for each step.