AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 9.5 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 9.5 of AP Chemistry – Free Energy and Equilibrium to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Thermodynamically Favored

Definition

A process with ΔG° < 0 under standard conditions, so products are favored at equilibrium.

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Thermodynamically Favored
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A process with ΔG° < 0 under standard conditions, so products are favored at equilibrium.

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Kinetic vs. Thermodynamic Definitions of Equilibrium
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Kinetic: forward and reverse rates are equal; thermodynamic: free energy is at a minimum.

9.5.A
ΔG vs. ΔG°
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ΔG is free energy change under current conditions; ΔG° is free energy change under standard conditions.

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Reaction Quotient and Free Energy
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Use ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q to relate nonstandard free energy change to reaction conditions.

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Standard Free Energy and Equilibrium Constant Relationship
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ΔG° = -RT ln K and K = e^(-ΔG°/RT), linking standard free energy to equilibrium position.

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Equilibrium and Favorability
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Equilibrium has minimum free energy, while K > 1 favors products and K < 1 favors reactants.

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ΔG° and K Relationship
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Negative ΔG° gives K > 1, positive ΔG° gives K < 1, and ΔG° near zero gives K near 1.

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