AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 3.13 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.13 of AP Chemistry – Beer-Lambert Law to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Monochromator

Definition

The spectrophotometer component that isolates a narrow band of wavelengths from white light.

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Monochromator
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The spectrophotometer component that isolates a narrow band of wavelengths from white light.

3.13.A
Cuvette / Path Length
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A transparent sample holder whose width sets the light-travel distance, usually measured in centimeters.

3.13.A3.13.A.1
Incident Light and Transmitted Light
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I0 is light entering the sample; I is light leaving after some has been absorbed.

3.13.A
Absorbance
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A unitless measure of how much light a sample absorbs at a given wavelength.

3.13.A3.13.A.1
Molar Absorptivity
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A wavelength-specific constant showing how strongly a substance absorbs light, symbolized by epsilon.

3.13.A3.13.A.1
Beer-Lambert Law / Beer's Law
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A = epsilonbc, relating absorbance to molar absorptivity, path length, and concentration.

3.13.A3.13.A.1
Direct Proportionality in Beer-Lambert Law
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With wavelength and path length constant, absorbance increases linearly as concentration increases.

3.13.A3.13.A.2
Wavelength of Maximum Absorbance
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The wavelength where a substance absorbs most strongly, giving the greatest measurement sensitivity.

3.13.A3.13.A.2
Complementary Colors and Absorption
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Solutions absorb light best in the color opposite their observed color on the visible spectrum.

3.13.A
Solving for Concentration with Beer-Lambert Law
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Rearrange A = epsilonbc to c = A divided by epsilon times b.

3.13.A3.13.A.1
Spectrophotometry and Spectrophotometer
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A method using an instrument to measure transmitted light and determine sample absorbance.

3.13.A3.13.A.2
Optimum Wavelength
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The wavelength of maximum absorbance used to give the most sensitive measurements.

3.13.A3.13.A.2