AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 1.3 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.3 of AP Chemistry – Elemental Composition of Pure Substances to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Pure Substance

Definition

Matter with a constant composition made of only one kind of particle.

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Pure Substance
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Matter with a constant composition made of only one kind of particle.

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Elements and Compounds
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Elements contain one type of atom; compounds contain two or more elements chemically combined.

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Molecule vs. Formula Unit
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Molecules are discrete covalent particles; formula units are lowest whole-number ratios in ionic compounds.

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Law of Definite Proportions / Law of Constant Composition
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A pure compound always contains the same elements in the same mass ratio.

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Empirical Formula
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The lowest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

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Empirical Formula from Percent Composition
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Assume 100 g, convert each element to moles, divide by the smallest, then multiply to whole numbers.

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Percent Composition by Mass
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The percent of a compound's total mass contributed by each element.

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Formula Unit
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The lowest whole-number ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound.

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