AP®︎ Chemistry: Topic 9.1 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 9.1 of AP Chemistry – Introduction to Entropy to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Entropy

Definition

A measure of matter and energy dispersal, or the number of possible arrangements.

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Entropy
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A measure of matter and energy dispersal, or the number of possible arrangements.

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Sign Of Delta S
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Positive when entropy increases, negative when entropy decreases, and zero when disorder is unchanged.

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States Of Matter And Entropy
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Solids have lowest entropy, liquids intermediate, and gases highest because particle freedom increases.

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Phase Changes And Entropy
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Melting, vaporization, and sublimation increase entropy; freezing, condensation, and deposition decrease it.

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Matter Dispersal
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Entropy increases when particles spread out more freely through space or occupy larger volumes.

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Gas Expansion At Constant Temperature
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Increasing a gas's volume raises entropy because particles can occupy a larger space.

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Moles Of Gas And Entropy In Reactions
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Entropy usually increases when products contain more total moles of gas than reactants.

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Second Law Of Thermodynamics
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In an isolated system, entropy tends to increase or remain constant for spontaneous processes.

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Temperature And Entropy
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Higher temperature increases entropy because kinetic energy is spread over a wider range.

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