AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 1.1 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.1 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Introducing Statistics: What Can We Learn from Data? to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
Go to the new AP® Statistics
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Term

Statistics

Definition

The science of learning from data to describe patterns and draw conclusions.

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Statistics
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The science of learning from data to describe patterns and draw conclusions.

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Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics
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Descriptive summarizes observed data; inferential uses sample data to generalize about a population.

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Data
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Recorded information about individuals, objects, or events, especially when placed in context.

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Data Set
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A collection of related observations gathered for a statistical study.

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Element / Case
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An individual, object, or unit on which data are collected.

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Observation
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The recorded value or values for one case in a data set.

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Variable
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A characteristic measured on each case that can take different values.

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Respondents, Subjects, and Experimental Units
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Respondents answer surveys; subjects participate in experiments; experimental units are any units receiving treatments.

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Methods of Data Collection
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Common approaches include surveys, experiments, observations, and secondary sources for obtaining data.

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Context (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How)
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The who, what, when, where, why, and how that make data meaningful.

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