AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 3.7 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.7 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Inference and Experiments to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Statistical Inference

Definition

Using sample or experimental data to draw conclusions about a population or distribution.

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Statistical Inference
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Using sample or experimental data to draw conclusions about a population or distribution.

VAR-3.EVAR-3.E.1
Sampling Variability
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Different random samples from the same population produce different statistic values by chance.

VAR-3.E
Sampling Error
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The difference between a sample statistic and the true population parameter.

VAR-3.E
Random Assignment
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Using chance to place experimental units into treatment groups.

VAR-3.EVAR-3.E.2
Statistically Significant
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An observed difference so large that random chance alone is unlikely to explain it.

VAR-3.EVAR-3.E.2
Cause and Effect in Experiments
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A causal conclusion is justified when a well-designed experiment uses random assignment.

VAR-3.EVAR-3.E.3
Random Selection vs. Random Assignment
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Random selection supports generalization; random assignment supports cause-and-effect conclusions.

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Random Selection and Representativeness
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Using chance to choose units increases the likelihood that a sample reflects the population.

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Generalizability
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Applying study results to a larger population is more credible with representative, sufficiently large samples.

VAR-3.EVAR-3.E.4